News Corp is a global, diversified media and information services company focused on creating and distributing authoritative and engaging content and other products and services. Dow Jones. To Read the Full Story. Subscribe Sign In. Continue reading your article with a WSJ membership. Resume Subscription We are delighted that you'd like to resume your subscription. The number of pirate attacks drops by 10 percent for each naval base located in a maritime cell. Naval patrols have been remarkably effective in reducing piracy near the Gulf of Aden; their absence in the Gulf of Guinea is considered one reason why pirate attacks have persisted there.
Somali piracy likely succeeded in temporarily driving foreign fishing fleets out of Somali waters, thus allowing fish stocks that were under stress to recover. But if these stocks recover without protections against illegal and destructive fishing practices, we can expect piracy to return.
Indeed, since piracy has picked up off the coast of Somalia. It has become clear that IUU fishing not only endangers food security and damages vulnerable ecosystems, but its fleets are linked to: human trafficking , chattel slavery , drug smuggling , and terrorism. In regions where threats to small-scale fisheries and their dependents persist, piracy thrives in an ecosystem of organized criminal activity.
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George E. Report Measuring the global impact of destructive and illegal fishing on maritime piracy: A spatial analysis Raj M. Future Development Over 1 billion people live in poverty hotspots Raj M.
Future Development The Future Development blog informs and stimulates debate on key development issues. International efforts to roll back al-Shabaab terrorists in Somalia, including U.
As part of the African Union mission in Somalia, Kenyan troops in captured the port of Kismayo and chased out al-Shabaab fighters. That removed an important stronghold where the pirates had been able to operate. At the same time, some Somali clans — conservative by nature — had come to resent the pirate criminal network that disrupted the traditional order with flashy cars, narcotics, and prostitutes.
Peter Pham of the Atlantic Council. With al-Shabaab on the retreat, regional armed forces on the ground, and a degree of stability emerging in Somalia, the pirate gangs could no longer operate with as much freedom or impunity, Pham said. But the most visible effort against the Somali pirates came at sea. In , the United States launched an international naval mission — Task Force — to fend off pirates along the busy sea lanes off the Horn of Africa.
And China, Russia, and India sent warships in their own separate efforts. The U. Navy famously captured and killed groups of pirates in a few cases and prosecuted a small number in American courts who had fired on U. European naval forces also captured pirates and destroyed a number of warehouses along the coast which were being used by the armed gangs. The international naval forces, however, mostly served as a deterrent, and as a source of crucial information and surveillance that was shared with commercial ships plying the Gulf of Aden.
The role of U. Particularly telling was the degree of informal cooperation and information-sharing among the different navies and commercial shippers, with no central control. But the biggest difference may have come aboard those commercial ships. Burdened by rising insurance premiums, shippers began trying to ensure that their vessels were not sitting ducks.
Finally, and reluctantly, in a sharp break from decades of convention, major shipping companies also started sending out small teams of armed security guards on their vessels — usually former military troops — as a last line of defense. Some government officials and industry experts said the armed guards, more than any other factor, were decisive in turning the tide against the pirates.
Not a single commercial ship with armed guards on deck has been successfully hijacked off the coast of Somalia. Army officer and now managing director of the Phoenix Group, a maritime security firm. But it was a game-changer for shippers and insurers, too, prompting plenty of anxiety and forcing Britain and other European governments to waive prohibitions on domestic firms carrying military-style weapons on vessels.
Armed guards also complicate life for the ship, since most countries impose restrictions or ban firearms aboard ships coming into port. And deadly force can turn, well, deadly. In February , two Italian marines guarding an Italian-flagged oil tanker allegedly shot and killed two Indian fishermen, whom they mistakenly took for pirates. The two marines have been charged with murder, and the legal battle over the case is still underway. Authorities in India want to prosecute the marines in an Indian court, but Rome has insisted that the case be tried in Italy because the incident occurred in international waters.
The anti-piracy campaign may have been too successful.
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