There are 2 million Hispanics of Cuban ancestry living in the U. But population growth for this group is now being driven by Cuban Americans born in the U. The share of foreign born among Cubans in the U. Fresh data delivered Saturday mornings. It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions. Pew Research Center now uses as the last birth year for Millennials in our work.
President Michael Dimock explains why. The vast majority of U. Use this tool to compare the groups on some key topics and their demographics. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research.
Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Newsletters Donate My Account. Research Topics. In the period, 63 percent of Cubans in the United States lived in the greater Miami metropolitan area. The Tampa metro area hosted the second-largest population and the greater New York metro area was a close third, with about 5 percent of all Cuban immigrants living in each area.
Table 1. Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U. Click here for an interactive map that highlights the metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of immigrants. Select Cuba from the dropdown menu.
Cuban immigrants are much less likely to be proficient in English and speak English at home than the overall foreign-born population.
In FY , about 61 percent of Cubans ages 5 and over reported limited English proficiency, compared to 47 percent of the total foreign-born population. Approximately 7 percent of Cubans in the United States spoke only English at home, compared to 17 percent of all immigrants. Age, Education, and Employment. In FY , the median age of Cuban immigrants was 53, much higher than that of the overall foreign- and U. In large part, this is a result of the disproportionately high number of Cuban seniors.
Twenty-seven percent of Cubans were 65 or older, whereas this age group accounted for just 16 percent of the overall foreign- and native-born populations. Meanwhile, Cuban immigrants are more likely than the native born but less likely than the overall foreign-born population to be of working age ages 18 to 64; see Figure 4. Figure 4. Age Distribution of the U. Population by Origin, Note : Numbers may not add up to as they are rounded to the nearest whole number.
Source : MPI tabulation of data from the U. Census Bureau, ACS. Overall, Cuban immigrants have lower levels of educational attainment compared to the total foreign- and U. In FY , 54 percent of Cuban adults ages 25 and older had no more than a high school diploma or equivalent compared to 49 percent of all immigrants and 36 percent of all native-born adults. Prior to the job dislocation caused by the COVID pandemic, Cuban immigrants participated in the labor force at a lower rate than the total foreign- and U.
In , about 60 percent of Cubans ages 16 and over were in the civilian labor force, compared to 66 percent and 62 percent of all immigrants and the native born, respectively. Compared to immigrants overall, Cubans were less likely to be employed in management, business, science, and arts occupations see Figure 5. Figure 5. Census Bureau ACS.
Cuban immigrants overall have significantly lower incomes than both the overall immigrant and native-born populations. In , Cuban families were living in poverty at the same rate as immigrant families overall, at 13 percent, compared to 8 percent of families with a U. Immigration Pathways and Naturalization. Cubans were more likely than the overall immigrant population to be naturalized U. In FY , 59 percent of the approximately 1. This comparatively high rate of citizenship may be explained by the Cuban Adjustment Act, which puts Cubans on a much faster path to citizenship.
Half of all Cuban immigrants arrived in the United States prior to , and they are slightly more likely than the overall immigrant population to have entered the country since see Figure 6. Figure 6. New Cuban green-card holders were much less likely to obtain green cards as immediate relatives of U.
Figure 7. Notes: Family-sponsored : Includes adult children and siblings of U. Kennedy soured and the exodus of upper-class, then middle-class, Cubans increased until Castro clamped down on it. Thereafter, the pace of departures became episodic, involving mainly working-class people, and their nature turned increasingly desperate. Three major immigration events punctuated the next 30 years: in from the port of Camarioca, in from the bay city of Mariel, and, again in , a more general wave of flight that also heavily involved the port of Mariel.
These include manifold political pressures, with opponents of the regime and cultural nonconformists alike facing harassment and imprisonment; as well as other severe economic challenges, with food scarcity, fuel shortages, and unreliable electric power making daily life difficult for the vast majority of Cuban citizens. A complete break in relations followed in early , an invasion attempt at the Bay of Pigs in April , and, later, a Central Intelligence Agency—sponsored campaign of terrorist attacks and assassination attempts code-named Operation Mongoose.
Since the Cuban Missile Crisis of October , a nearly complete embargo has prevented any sort of trade or tourism. In response to the influx of new Cuban arrivals, U. You do not currently have access to this article. Please login to access the full content. Access to the full content requires a subscription. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a single article for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice.
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